Why syntax is driver.manage().window().maximize()?

Table of Contents

Introduction

We frequently used the below kinds of method chaining statements in Selenium WebDriver scripts. This is a frequently asked interview question as well and you may be asked to explain the syntax. We are going to learn the same here.

driver.manage().window().maximize(); // To maxmize
driver.navigate().to("some url"); // To open url
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);// To set implicit time

driver.manage().window().maximize(); // To maxmize

driver.navigate().to("some url"); // To open url

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);// To set implicit time

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Method Chaining

The above syntaxes are written using Method Chaining concepts of Java. Let’s learn the method chaining concept with a simple Java example.

We have three class as below:-

Class NewDemo

class NewDemo
{
	void NewDemoMethod()
	{
		System.out.println("NewDemoMethod");
	}
	
}

class NewDemo

{

void NewDemoMethod()

{

System.out.println("NewDemoMethod");

}

Class AnotherDemo

This class has a method that returns a type reference of NewDemo class ( First one).

class AnotherDemo
{
	public NewDemo AnotherDemoMethod()
	{
		System.out.println("AnotherDemoMethod");
		return new NewDemo();
	}	
}

class AnotherDemo

{

public NewDemo AnotherDemoMethod()

{

System.out.println("AnotherDemoMethod");

return new NewDemo();

}

Class Demo

This class has a method that returns a type of AnotherDemo. (Second class).

public class Demo {

  // A method with return type AnotherDemo
  public AnotherDemo DemoMethod() {
    System.out.println("DemoMethod");
    return new AnotherDemo();
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Creating an object of Demo class
    Demo DemoObject = new Demo();
    // Calling DemoMethod() that returns a type of AnotherDemo and storing its return value 
    AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject = DemoObject.DemoMethod();
    // Since we have a reference of AnotherDemo then we can call method of AnotherDemo
    NewDemo NewDemoObject = AnotherDemoObject.AnotherDemoMethod();
    NewDemoObject.NewDemoMethod();

    // method chaining
    Demo DemoObject1 = new Demo();
    DemoObject1.DemoMethod().AnotherDemoMethod().NewDemoMethod(); // Method chaining

  }
}

public class Demo {

// A method with return type AnotherDemo

public AnotherDemo DemoMethod() {

System.out.println("DemoMethod");

return new AnotherDemo();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating an object of Demo class

Demo DemoObject = new Demo();

// Calling DemoMethod() that returns a type of AnotherDemo and storing its return value

AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject = DemoObject.DemoMethod();

// Since we have a reference of AnotherDemo then we can call method of AnotherDemo

NewDemo NewDemoObject = AnotherDemoObject.AnotherDemoMethod();

NewDemoObject.NewDemoMethod();

// method chaining

Demo DemoObject1 = new Demo();

DemoObject1.DemoMethod().AnotherDemoMethod().NewDemoMethod(); // Method chaining

}

Explanation

1. There is a total of three classes “Demo“, “AnotherDemo” and “NewDemo“.
2. Class “Demo” has a method “DemoMethod” that returns an object or type of class “AnotherDemo“.
3. Class “AnotherDemo” has a method “AnotherDemoMethod” that returns an object of class “NewDemo“.
4. Class “NewDemo” has a method “NewDemoMethod” that returns void.

5. You can understand from the above steps that all three classes are connected or a point of connection.
6. Class “Demo” has a main method and we will write call methods here.
7. We created an object of “Demo” that enables us to call its method “DemoMethod()” that returns an object of class “AnotherDemo“. We can store the return type of a method in an appropriate type and here we can use a reference variable of type “AnotherDemo“.

Demo DemoObject = new Demo(); 
AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject = DemoObject.DemoMethod();

1 2	Demo DemoObject = new Demo(); AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject = DemoObject.DemoMethod();

8. As we get an object of class “AnotherDemo” that enables us to call its method “AnotherDemoMethod()” that returns an object of class “NewDemo“. We can store the return type of a method in an appropriate type and here we can use a reference variable of type “NewDemo“. Since we get an object of “NewDemo” class then call its method as well.

Demo DemoObject = new Demo();
AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject = DemoObject.DemoMethod();
NewDemo NewDemoObject = AnotherDemoObject.AnotherDemoMethod();
NewDemoObject.NewDemoMethod();

Demo DemoObject = new Demo();

AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject = DemoObject.DemoMethod();

NewDemo NewDemoObject = AnotherDemoObject.AnotherDemoMethod();

NewDemoObject.NewDemoMethod();

If you understand the pattern from the above example then you must have understood that there are multiple method calls in parts. To call the next method we are storing reference and then using it to call the next method.

We can directly create a chain instead of storing reference variables. This is called method chaining and anonymous object. When we need to use an object once in a program, we can go for an anonymous object for better memory utilization.

The way of achieving method chaining is explained below the image.

Understand driver.manage().window().maximize()

You must have got an idea about this syntax now. This is also written using the Method chaining concept.

There is a method named “manage()” and declared In WebDriver interface. The return type of this method is Options. The Options interface is a subinterface of WebDriver interface. The Options interface has a method “window()” that returns an Interface type Window and that is also a subinterface of WebDriver interface. The Window interface has a method “maximize()” that returns void.

By following the above coding approach you need to write multiple lines of code as below –

WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();
Options optnObj= driver.manage();
Window winObj= optnObj.window();
winObj.maximize();

WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();

Options optnObj= driver.manage();

Window winObj= optnObj.window();

winObj.maximize();

And if we follow method chaining then it can be written in fewer lines as –

See complete code below:

WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();

1 2	WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver(); driver.manage().window().maximize();

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Author: Amod Mahajan

44 thoughts on “Why syntax is driver.manage().window().maximize()?”

thanks Amod for the wonderful explanation.

Amod Mahajan says:

May 22, 2021 at 3:56 am

Thanks Sapna.

Reply

Very nice Amod. But I dare asking you one silly question to your standard.

With your nice explanation I reach to maximize() method but how selenium understands that it has to maximize the window and by what dimensions? I mean to say where do we have a code which say to Selenium to maximize the window by this rate??? Because Interface Window has got maximize() method but it does not have an implementation(for the right reason as it is an interface).

Why just below line is sufficient to maximize the window??

driver.manage().window().maximize();

I told you I am being silly but this is bothering me mate.

Thanks in advance
Deepak

Parthasarathi Murali says:

April 21, 2020 at 12:35 am

Even I have the same doubt, did you get to know how maximize works without implementation?

Reply
Amod Mahajan says:

May 22, 2021 at 4:02 am

Hey, Sorry I could not reply earlier, and maybe it is super duper late but still, it may help others.

RemoteWebDriver is a fully implemented class of WebDriver interface and it contains logic to do so.

@Override
public void maximize() {
execute(DriverCommand.MAXIMIZE_CURRENT_WINDOW);
}

Reply

Hi Amod,

It’s a great explanation. Thanks for explaining this topic. But I have one doubt here in which class the option & Windows interface are implemented how the instance creation is happen for option & Windows methods.

Thanks in adavance!

Amod Mahajan says:

May 22, 2021 at 4:06 am

Implementations are in RemoteWebDriver class which is a fully implemented class of WebDriver interface. As we have multiple subinterfaces or inner interfaces in the WebDriver interface similarly RemoteWebDriver class has multiple inner classes. I will suggest you to refer the source code of RemoteWebDriver class.

Reply

very good explaination ever…

Amod Mahajan says:

May 22, 2021 at 4:06 am

Thanks Rajendra.

Reply

Very excellent explanation.

Amod Mahajan says:

May 22, 2021 at 4:07 am

Thanks Nayeem.

Reply

Thanks Amod.
Your esoteric knowledge on selenium is outstanding. Thanks for the explanation.

Amod Mahajan says:

October 13, 2018 at 8:25 am

Thanks Shashank.

Reply

Very helpful! Thank you for explaining it with examples.

Amod Mahajan says:

May 22, 2021 at 4:10 am

Thanks Sid.

Reply

This is wonder 🙂 keep up the good work..

Amod Mahajan says:

August 11, 2018 at 5:56 pm

Thanks Neha.

Reply

Thanks a lot.

Amod Mahajan says:

July 20, 2018 at 8:50 am

Thanks Ritu.

Reply

Great, thnx a lot

Amod Mahajan says:

July 18, 2018 at 10:40 pm

Thanks Abhijeet.

Reply

excellent..!

Amod Mahajan says:

June 5, 2018 at 11:50 pm

Thanks Farnaaz.

Reply

Hello,

Thanks to explain this topic, i am very happy after reading your blog.
You just make my life easier. You know what kind of confusion a learner have and you explain all them very well.

Thanks once again.

Amod Mahajan says:

April 17, 2018 at 9:40 pm

Thanks Ankit.

Reply

outstanding explanation

Amod Mahajan says:

March 15, 2018 at 9:54 am

Thanks Handra.

Reply

Great Explanation !!!

Amod Mahajan says:

February 16, 2018 at 12:05 pm

Thanks Sharmi.

Reply

Thanks Amod.I faced an interview and I could not explain this.Although I has the guess of this chaining.

Amod Mahajan says:

February 10, 2018 at 9:37 pm

Thanks Rahul. Hope you can answer in interview.

Reply

So nicely Explained and Yes ,now i can say that i know something different from others .Thank you so much AMOD.

Amod Mahajan says:

January 21, 2018 at 8:27 am

Thanks Gaurav.

Reply

Thanks for this wonderful explanation..

Amod Mahajan says:

October 24, 2017 at 5:13 pm

Thanks Gokulnath.

Reply

Thanks for this wonderful explanation. i have never given a thought to this..

Amod Mahajan says:

June 9, 2017 at 3:04 pm

Thanks Gaurav.

Reply

Very Confusing topic but Amod you have explained in a very easy way that to step by step,very understanding,
Thank you

Amod Mahajan says:

May 5, 2017 at 10:01 pm

Thanks Saroja.

Reply

A very appropriate explanation

Amod Mahajan says:

April 26, 2017 at 9:28 pm

Thanks Garvita.

Reply

Wonderful topic. Definitely, I learnt a new thing. Thanks

Amod Mahajan says:

April 9, 2017 at 12:39 pm

Thanks Ganesh.

Reply
1. Shashank says:
  
  October 15, 2018 at 12:00 am
  
  Thanks Amod. Very good explanation.
  
  Reply

sapna gulrajani says:

March 3, 2021 at 5:56 am

thanks Amod for the wonderful explanation.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  May 22, 2021 at 3:56 am
  
  Thanks Sapna.
  
Deepak says:

February 18, 2020 at 9:36 pm

Very nice Amod. But I dare asking you one silly question to your standard.

With your nice explanation I reach to maximize() method but how selenium understands that it has to maximize the window and by what dimensions? I mean to say where do we have a code which say to Selenium to maximize the window by this rate??? Because Interface Window has got maximize() method but it does not have an implementation(for the right reason as it is an interface).

Why just below line is sufficient to maximize the window??

driver.manage().window().maximize();

I told you I am being silly but this is bothering me mate.

Thanks in advance
Deepak

1. Parthasarathi Murali says:
  
  April 21, 2020 at 12:35 am
  
  Even I have the same doubt, did you get to know how maximize works without implementation?
  
2. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  May 22, 2021 at 4:02 am
  
  Hey, Sorry I could not reply earlier, and maybe it is super duper late but still, it may help others.
  
  RemoteWebDriver is a fully implemented class of WebDriver interface and it contains logic to do so.
  
  @Override
  public void maximize() {
  execute(DriverCommand.MAXIMIZE_CURRENT_WINDOW);
  }
  
Vignesh says:

July 9, 2019 at 9:11 pm

Hi Amod,

It’s a great explanation. Thanks for explaining this topic. But I have one doubt here in which class the option & Windows interface are implemented how the instance creation is happen for option & Windows methods.

Thanks in adavance!

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  May 22, 2021 at 4:06 am
  
  Implementations are in RemoteWebDriver class which is a fully implemented class of WebDriver interface. As we have multiple subinterfaces or inner interfaces in the WebDriver interface similarly RemoteWebDriver class has multiple inner classes. I will suggest you to refer the source code of RemoteWebDriver class.
  
Rajendraprasad says:

June 18, 2019 at 9:17 pm

very good explaination ever…

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  May 22, 2021 at 4:06 am
  
  Thanks Rajendra.
  
NAYEEM JOHN says:

October 30, 2018 at 11:54 am

Very excellent explanation.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  May 22, 2021 at 4:07 am
  
  Thanks Nayeem.
  
Shashank says:

October 13, 2018 at 12:09 am

Thanks Amod.
Your esoteric knowledge on selenium is outstanding. Thanks for the explanation.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  October 13, 2018 at 8:25 am
  
  Thanks Shashank.
  
Sid says:

August 29, 2018 at 11:59 am

Very helpful! Thank you for explaining it with examples.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  May 22, 2021 at 4:10 am
  
  Thanks Sid.
  
Neha says:

August 10, 2018 at 12:01 am

This is wonder 🙂 keep up the good work..

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  August 11, 2018 at 5:56 pm
  
  Thanks Neha.
  
RituRaghu says:

July 19, 2018 at 7:03 am

Thanks a lot.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  July 20, 2018 at 8:50 am
  
  Thanks Ritu.
  
Abhijeet says:

July 18, 2018 at 12:57 pm

Great, thnx a lot

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  July 18, 2018 at 10:40 pm
  
  Thanks Abhijeet.
  
Farnaaz Kauser says:

June 5, 2018 at 1:32 pm

excellent..!

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  June 5, 2018 at 11:50 pm
  
  Thanks Farnaaz.
  
ankit agarwal says:

April 12, 2018 at 4:07 pm

Hello,

Thanks to explain this topic, i am very happy after reading your blog.
You just make my life easier. You know what kind of confusion a learner have and you explain all them very well.

Thanks once again.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  April 17, 2018 at 9:40 pm
  
  Thanks Ankit.
  
handra says:

March 14, 2018 at 2:13 am

outstanding explanation

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  March 15, 2018 at 9:54 am
  
  Thanks Handra.
  
Sharmi says:

February 13, 2018 at 11:56 pm

Great Explanation !!!

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  February 16, 2018 at 12:05 pm
  
  Thanks Sharmi.
  
Rahul Jaiswal says:

February 10, 2018 at 8:30 pm

Thanks Amod.I faced an interview and I could not explain this.Although I has the guess of this chaining.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  February 10, 2018 at 9:37 pm
  
  Thanks Rahul. Hope you can answer in interview.
  
Gaurav Singh says:

January 18, 2018 at 3:54 pm

So nicely Explained and Yes ,now i can say that i know something different from others .Thank you so much AMOD.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  January 21, 2018 at 8:27 am
  
  Thanks Gaurav.
  
Gokulnath says:

October 24, 2017 at 6:39 am

Thanks for this wonderful explanation..

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  October 24, 2017 at 5:13 pm
  
  Thanks Gokulnath.
  
Gaurav Khurana says:

June 9, 2017 at 8:08 am

Thanks for this wonderful explanation. i have never given a thought to this..

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  June 9, 2017 at 3:04 pm
  
  Thanks Gaurav.
  
saroja kuntoji says:

May 5, 2017 at 5:08 pm

Very Confusing topic but Amod you have explained in a very easy way that to step by step,very understanding,
Thank you

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  May 5, 2017 at 10:01 pm
  
  Thanks Saroja.
  
Garvita says:

April 26, 2017 at 5:30 pm

A very appropriate explanation

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  April 26, 2017 at 9:28 pm
  
  Thanks Garvita.
  
Ganesh says:

April 9, 2017 at 12:22 pm

Wonderful topic. Definitely, I learnt a new thing. Thanks

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  April 9, 2017 at 12:39 pm
  
  Thanks Ganesh.
  
  1. Shashank says:
    
    October 15, 2018 at 12:00 am
    
    Thanks Amod. Very good explanation.