Why syntax is “driver.manage().window().maximize();”?

Hello Folks,

In my last post, I explained about some useful methods of WebDriver. I got some comments to explain why do we write syntax as below:

driver.manage().window().maximize(); // To maxmize
driver.navigate().to("some url"); // To open url
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);// To set implicit time

driver.manage().window().maximize(); // To maxmize

driver.navigate().to("some url"); // To open url

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);// To set implicit time

Actually it’s JAVA concept. It is called as method chaining. We will learn about this now.

Some basic Concepts of JAVA:
1. There can be two types of members in a java class. Static and Non-static.
2. Static methods can be called using class name or by creating an object of that class but calling by class name is perfect practice.
3. Non-static members of class can be called only through object of class.
4. A method can return a type. It may be class or interface as well.

#JAVACODE to learn how to call static and non-static methods:

public class Demo {

	void NonStaticMethod()
	{
		System.out.println("Non static method");
	}
	
	static void StaticMethod()
	{
		System.out.println("static method");
	}
	
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Demo.StaticMethod();
		Demo object= new Demo();
		object.NonStaticMethod();
		object.StaticMethod(); // Not preferred 
	}
}

public class Demo {

void NonStaticMethod()

{

System.out.println("Non static method");

}

static void StaticMethod()

{

System.out.println("static method");

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Demo.StaticMethod();

Demo object= new Demo();

object.NonStaticMethod();

object.StaticMethod(); // Not preferred

}

Outout:
static method
Non static method
static method

#JavaCode to understand method chaining:

class AnotherDemo
{
	public NewDemo AnotherDemoMethod()
	{
		System.out.println("AnotherDemoMethod");
		return new NewDemo();
	}	
}

class NewDemo
{
	void NewDemoMethod()
	{
		System.out.println("NewDemoMethod");
	}
	
}

public class Demo {

	public AnotherDemo DemoMethod()
	{
		System.out.println("DemoMethod");
		return new AnotherDemo();
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		Demo DemoObject= new Demo();
		AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject= DemoObject.DemoMethod();
		NewDemo NewDemoObject= AnotherDemoObject.AnotherDemoMethod();
		NewDemoObject.NewDemoMethod();
		
		// method chaining
		Demo DemoObject1= new Demo();
		DemoObject1.DemoMethod().AnotherDemoMethod().NewDemoMethod(); // Method chaining
		
	}
}

class AnotherDemo

{

public NewDemo AnotherDemoMethod()

{

System.out.println("AnotherDemoMethod");

return new NewDemo();

}

class NewDemo

{

void NewDemoMethod()

{

System.out.println("NewDemoMethod");

}

public class Demo {

public AnotherDemo DemoMethod()

{

System.out.println("DemoMethod");

return new AnotherDemo();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Demo DemoObject= new Demo();

AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject= DemoObject.DemoMethod();

NewDemo NewDemoObject= AnotherDemoObject.AnotherDemoMethod();

NewDemoObject.NewDemoMethod();

// method chaining

Demo DemoObject1= new Demo();

DemoObject1.DemoMethod().AnotherDemoMethod().NewDemoMethod(); // Method chaining

}

Explanation:
1. There are total three classes “Demo”, “AnotherDemo” and “NewDemo”.
2. Class “Demo” has a method “DemoMethod” which return an object of class “AnotherDemo”.
3. Class “AnotherDemo” has a method “AnotherDemoMethod” which return an object of class “NewDemo”.
4. Class “NewDemo” has a method “NewDemoMethod” which return void.
5. Only class “Demo” has main method and through that method we want to access “NewDemoMethod” of class “NewDemo”.
6. We created an object of “Demo” to access method present in class “Demo”.

Demo DemoObject= new Demo();
7. Now, we will call “DemoMethod” of class “Demo” which returns an object of class “AnotherDemo”, which we can store in a variable of type “AnotherDemo”.

AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject= DemoObject.DemoMethod();

1	AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject= DemoObject.DemoMethod();

8. Now what we have?? An object of class “AnotherDemo” means we can access methods of class “AnotherDemo”.
9. We call method “AnotherDemoMethod1” of class “AnotherDemo” which returns an object of class “NewDemo”, which we can store in a variable of type “NewDemo”.
NewDemo NewDemoObject= AnotherDemoObject.AnotherDemoMethod();

10. Now, we can access method of “NewDemo”.
NewDemoObject.NewDemoMethod();

11. So, now we have following lines of code:

Demo DemoObject= new Demo();
AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject= DemoObject.DemoMethod();
NewDemo NewDemoObject= AnotherDemoObject.AnotherDemoMethod();
NewDemoObject.NewDemoMethod();

Demo DemoObject= new Demo();

AnotherDemo AnotherDemoObject= DemoObject.DemoMethod();

NewDemo NewDemoObject= AnotherDemoObject.AnotherDemoMethod();

NewDemoObject.NewDemoMethod();

12. Now, refer the below image:

13. Above code has concepts of method chaining and anonymous object. When we need to use object once in a program, we can go for anonymous object for better memory utilization.

I hope above java concept must be clear.
Same logic is applied for selenium. I will explain one statement:
driver.manage().window().maximize();

When we call manage() method, it returns a “Options” type. “Options” is an interface.

public Options manage() 
{
return new RemoteWebDriver.RemoteWebDriverOptions();
}

public Options manage()

{

return new RemoteWebDriver.RemoteWebDriverOptions();

}

Interface “Options” has method “windows” which returns “Window” type.


public interface Options {

WebDriver.Window window();
}

public interface Options {

WebDriver.Window window();

}

Now, we can use any method of interface “Window”. it has following methods which can be called.


public interface Window {
		void setSize(Dimension arg0);

		void setPosition(Point arg0);

		Dimension getSize();

		Point getPosition();

		void maximize();

		void fullscreen();
	}

public interface Window {

void setSize(Dimension arg0);

void setPosition(Point arg0);

Dimension getSize();

Point getPosition();

void maximize();

void fullscreen();

}

See complete code below:


WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();
Options optnObj= driver.manage();
Window winObj= optnObj.window();
winObj.maximize();
		
// We can write above lines of code in one line as
driver.manage().window().maximize();

WebDriver driver= new ChromeDriver();

Options optnObj= driver.manage();

Window winObj= optnObj.window();

winObj.maximize();

// We can write above lines of code in one line as

driver.manage().window().maximize();

That’s it. I hope you must have learnt new thing. If still you have doubt,feel free to comment or do email.
I strongly believe when you know answer of both “how” and “Why”, you can write better scripts.

#HappyLearning
#Thanks

Author: Amod Mahajan

36 thoughts on “Why syntax is “driver.manage().window().maximize();”?”

Deepak says:

February 18, 2020 at 9:36 pm

Very nice Amod. But I dare asking you one silly question to your standard.

With your nice explanation I reach to maximize() method but how selenium understands that it has to maximize the window and by what dimensions? I mean to say where do we have a code which say to Selenium to maximize the window by this rate??? Because Interface Window has got maximize() method but it does not have an implementation(for the right reason as it is an interface).

Why just below line is sufficient to maximize the window??

driver.manage().window().maximize();

I told you I am being silly but this is bothering me mate.

Thanks in advance
Deepak

Vignesh says:

July 9, 2019 at 9:11 pm

Hi Amod,

It’s a great explanation. Thanks for explaining this topic. But I have one doubt here in which class the option & Windows interface are implemented how the instance creation is happen for option & Windows methods.

Thanks in adavance!

Rajendraprasad says:

June 18, 2019 at 9:17 pm

very good explaination ever…

NAYEEM JOHN says:

October 30, 2018 at 11:54 am

Very excellent explanation.

Shashank says:

October 13, 2018 at 12:09 am

Thanks Amod.
Your esoteric knowledge on selenium is outstanding. Thanks for the explanation.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  October 13, 2018 at 8:25 am
  
  Thanks Shashank.
  
Sid says:

August 29, 2018 at 11:59 am

Very helpful! Thank you for explaining it with examples.

Neha says:

August 10, 2018 at 12:01 am

This is wonder 🙂 keep up the good work..

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  August 11, 2018 at 5:56 pm
  
  Thanks Neha.
  
RituRaghu says:

July 19, 2018 at 7:03 am

Thanks a lot.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  July 20, 2018 at 8:50 am
  
  Thanks Ritu.
  
Abhijeet says:

July 18, 2018 at 12:57 pm

Great, thnx a lot

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  July 18, 2018 at 10:40 pm
  
  Thanks Abhijeet.
  
Farnaaz Kauser says:

June 5, 2018 at 1:32 pm

excellent..!

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  June 5, 2018 at 11:50 pm
  
  Thanks Farnaaz.
  
ankit agarwal says:

April 12, 2018 at 4:07 pm

Hello,

Thanks to explain this topic, i am very happy after reading your blog.
You just make my life easier. You know what kind of confusion a learner have and you explain all them very well.

Thanks once again.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  April 17, 2018 at 9:40 pm
  
  Thanks Ankit.
  
handra says:

March 14, 2018 at 2:13 am

outstanding explanation

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  March 15, 2018 at 9:54 am
  
  Thanks Handra.
  
Sharmi says:

February 13, 2018 at 11:56 pm

Great Explanation !!!

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  February 16, 2018 at 12:05 pm
  
  Thanks Sharmi.
  
Rahul Jaiswal says:

February 10, 2018 at 8:30 pm

Thanks Amod.I faced an interview and I could not explain this.Although I has the guess of this chaining.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  February 10, 2018 at 9:37 pm
  
  Thanks Rahul. Hope you can answer in interview.
  
Gaurav Singh says:

January 18, 2018 at 3:54 pm

So nicely Explained and Yes ,now i can say that i know something different from others .Thank you so much AMOD.

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  January 21, 2018 at 8:27 am
  
  Thanks Gaurav.
  
Gokulnath says:

October 24, 2017 at 6:39 am

Thanks for this wonderful explanation..

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  October 24, 2017 at 5:13 pm
  
Gaurav Khurana says:

June 9, 2017 at 8:08 am

Thanks for this wonderful explanation. i have never given a thought to this..

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  June 9, 2017 at 3:04 pm
  
  Thanks Gaurav.
  
saroja kuntoji says:

May 5, 2017 at 5:08 pm

Very Confusing topic but Amod you have explained in a very easy way that to step by step,very understanding,
Thank you

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  May 5, 2017 at 10:01 pm
  
  Thanks Saroja.
  
Garvita says:

April 26, 2017 at 5:30 pm

A very appropriate explanation

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  April 26, 2017 at 9:28 pm
  
  Thanks Garvita.
  
Ganesh says:

April 9, 2017 at 12:22 pm

Wonderful topic. Definitely, I learnt a new thing. Thanks

1. Amod Mahajan says:
  
  April 9, 2017 at 12:39 pm
  
  Thanks Ganesh.
  
  1. Shashank says:
    
    October 15, 2018 at 12:00 am
    
    Thanks Amod. Very good explanation.

Why syntax is “driver.manage().window().maximize();”?

Author: Amod Mahajan

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